The method is based on the ideas of Thomas F. Hansen (see
T. F. Hansen, 1997. Stabilizing selection and the
comparative analysis of adaptation. Evolution,
51:1341-1351). It is explained fully in
Butler, M.A. and A.A. King, 2004. Phylogenetic comparative
analysis: a modeling approach for adaptive evolution. American
Naturalist164:683-695.
Reprints are available on request from the authors (write to
<mabutler at utk dot edu> or
<kingaa at umich dot edu>).
The appendix for this paper, in which the mathematical
underpinnings are explained, is provided here (in PDF).